The most popular, non-lethal, personal defense product on the market today is the self defense spray (also known as pepper spray).  The primary chemical compound used in self defense spray today is OC (Oleoresin Capsicum) which is a natural chemical derived from hot pepper plants.  OC pepper is an inflammatory agent which causes two reactions when an individual is sprayed with this type of pepper spray. 

First, the person's eyes clamp shut, hard.  If the person manages to open their eyes, they are unable to see well because the OC pepper dilates the capillaries of the eyes and causes temporary blindness.  

Second, an immediate fit of uncontrollable coughing doubles the person over and often sends them to their knees.  The OC pepper causes an instant inflammation of breathing tissues making breathing difficult.  The condition is temporary but very debilitating.  OC pepper has the affect of putting up a "brick wall" between the assailant and victim even if they are on drugs, drunk or psychotic. 

For more information about pepper sprays, see our Pepper/Defense Sprays FAQ page.